While FOXO4 can influence mitochondrial function indirectly through its regulatory effects on cellular processes, it does not directly target mitochondria like the other mitochondria-targeted peptides listed above
The formulation includes BPC-157, a 15amino acid pentadecapeptide derived from a protective peptide sequence identified in human gastric juice, and TB-500, a synthetic peptide derived from thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring actin-regulating protein present in many mammalian tissues
As such, an effective treatment would be expected to augment striatal synaptic connectivity, protect SN neurons from underlying death inducers, and ideally stimulate the replacement of lost SN neurons from preexisting pools of neural stem cells
Within the cell, approximately 90% of glutathione is located in the cytosol, 10% in the mitochondria and a small percentage in the endoplasmic reticulum [29]